Government debt by country

Every economy Bullrun holds a reading for: 193 in all, ranked highest first. Japan is the highest at 204.8% and Macao the lowest at 0.0%; the median is 52.9%. Reference period 2025, the latest year reported broadly enough to compare economies against each other.

Economies covered193
Highest204.8% Japan
Lowest0.0% Macao
Median52.9%

Government debt by country, ranked

#	Economy	Debt / GDP	Band	Source
1	Japan	204.8%	Very high	IMF
2	Sudan	204.4%	Very high	IMF
3	Singapore	165.7%	Very high	IMF
4	Libya	153.8%	Very high	IMF
5	Greece	146.6%	Very high	IMF
6	Bahrain	144.3%	Very high	IMF
7	Lebanon	139.4%	Very high	IMF
8	Italy	137.1%	Very high	IMF
9	Maldives	129.4%	Very high	IMF
10	Senegal	127.7%	Very high	IMF
11	United States	124.4%	Very high	IMF
12	France	115.5%	High	IMF
13	Cabo Verde	115.4%	High	IMF
14	Canada	113.6%	High	IMF
15	Belgium	107.9%	High	IMF
16	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	107.7%	High	IMF
17	Ukraine	107.1%	High	IMF
18	Bhutan	102.6%	High	IMF
19	United Kingdom	102.1%	High	IMF
20	Zambia	100.6%	High	IMF
21	Spain	100.5%	High	IMF
22	Congo	100.4%	High	IMF
23	Dominica	99.9%	High	IMF
24	China	98.6%	High	IMF
25	Suriname	96.9%	High	IMF
26	Sri Lanka	96.8%	High	IMF
27	Malawi	96.6%	High	IMF
28	Barbados	96.2%	High	IMF
29	Brazil	93.3%	High	IMF
30	Mozambique	90.3%	High	IMF
31	Portugal	89.7%	Elevated	IMF
32	Laos	88.8%	Elevated	IMF
33	Finland	88.4%	Elevated	IMF
34	El Salvador	87.6%	Elevated	IMF
35	Euro Area	87.3%	Elevated	IMF
36	Mauritius	86.8%	Elevated	IMF
37	Egypt	86.8%	Elevated	IMF
38	India	84.3%	Elevated	IMF
39	Gabon	84.2%	Elevated	IMF
40	Trinidad and Tobago	84.0%	Elevated	IMF
41	Jordan	83.6%	Elevated	IMF
42	Bolivia	83.3%	Elevated	IMF
43	Tunisia	81.7%	Elevated	IMF
44	Austria	81.4%	Elevated	IMF
45	Argentina	80.1%	Elevated	IMF
46	South Africa	78.4%	Elevated	IMF
47	Fiji	77.1%	Elevated	IMF
48	Saint Lucia	76.8%	Elevated	IMF
49	Guinea-Bissau	75.1%	Elevated	IMF
50	Hungary	74.6%	Elevated	IMF
51	Gambia	73.7%	Elevated	IMF
52	Pakistan	72.8%	Elevated	IMF
53	Bahamas	71.7%	Elevated	IMF
54	Kenya	71.3%	Elevated	IMF
55	Malaysia	70.5%	Elevated	IMF
56	Antigua and Barbuda	70.2%	Elevated	IMF
57	Grenada	69.4%	Elevated	IMF
58	Israel	67.9%	Elevated	IMF
59	Namibia	67.5%	Elevated	IMF
60	Belize	66.9%	Elevated	IMF
61	Morocco	66.6%	Elevated	IMF
62	Jamaica	66.0%	Elevated	IMF
63	Uruguay	65.6%	Elevated	IMF
64	Slovenia	65.1%	Elevated	IMF
65	Togo	64.9%	Elevated	IMF
66	Aruba	64.8%	Elevated	IMF
67	Rwanda	64.7%	Elevated	IMF
68	Thailand	64.7%	Elevated	IMF
69	S. Sudan	64.2%	Elevated	IMF
70	Montenegro	63.5%	Elevated	IMF
71	Germany	62.7%	Elevated	IMF
72	Mexico	61.7%	Elevated	IMF
73	Slovakia	61.4%	Elevated	IMF
74	Romania	60.4%	Elevated	IMF
75	Costa Rica	60.4%	Elevated	IMF
76	Colombia	59.9%	Moderate	IMF
77	San Marino	59.8%	Moderate	IMF
78	Poland	59.7%	Moderate	IMF
79	Benin	59.3%	Moderate	IMF
80	São Tomé and Príncipe	59.1%	Moderate	IMF
81	Philippines	59.1%	Moderate	IMF
82	Dominican Rep.	59.0%	Moderate	IMF
83	Saint Kitts and Nevis	58.7%	Moderate	IMF
84	Côte d'Ivoire	57.1%	Moderate	IMF
85	Iceland	56.7%	Moderate	IMF
86	Panama	56.6%	Moderate	IMF
87	Croatia	56.3%	Moderate	IMF
88	West Bank and Gaza	55.9%	Moderate	IMF
89	Liberia	55.1%	Moderate	IMF
90	Cyprus	55.0%	Moderate	IMF
91	New Zealand	54.7%	Moderate	IMF
92	Ecuador	54.5%	Moderate	IMF
93	Norway	54.0%	Moderate	IMF
94	Albania	53.8%	Moderate	IMF
95	Uganda	53.2%	Moderate	IMF
96	Burkina Faso	53.2%	Moderate	IMF
97	Angola	52.9%	Moderate	IMF
98	Iraq	52.8%	Moderate	IMF
99	Palau	52.8%	Moderate	IMF
100	North Macedonia	52.6%	Moderate	IMF
101	South Korea	52.4%	Moderate	IMF
102	Algeria	52.1%	Moderate	IMF
103	Australia	51.9%	Moderate	IMF
104	Myanmar	51.9%	Moderate	IMF
105	Papua New Guinea	51.6%	Moderate	IMF
106	Sierra Leone	51.4%	Moderate	IMF
107	Seychelles	51.2%	Moderate	IMF
108	Tanzania	49.8%	Moderate	IMF
109	Lesotho	49.4%	Moderate	IMF
110	Ghana	48.8%	Moderate	IMF
111	Madagascar	47.7%	Moderate	IMF
112	Nepal	47.4%	Moderate	IMF
113	Armenia	46.9%	Moderate	IMF
114	Latvia	46.9%	Moderate	IMF
115	Malta	46.2%	Moderate	IMF
116	Niger	45.5%	Moderate	IMF
117	Mongolia	45.0%	Moderate	IMF
118	Eswatini	44.8%	Moderate	IMF
119	Netherlands	44.7%	Moderate	IMF
120	Czechia	44.2%	Moderate	IMF
121	Ethiopia	43.3%	Moderate	IMF
122	Central African Rep.	42.6%	Moderate	IMF
123	Qatar	42.5%	Moderate	IMF
124	Serbia	42.2%	Moderate	IMF
125	Burundi	42.0%	Moderate	IMF
126	Bangladesh	42.0%	Moderate	IMF
127	Chile	41.5%	Moderate	IMF
128	Indonesia	40.9%	Moderate	IMF
129	Cameroon	40.5%	Moderate	IMF
130	Mauritania	40.4%	Moderate	IMF
131	Honduras	40.3%	Moderate	IMF
132	Mali	40.3%	Moderate	IMF
133	Switzerland	40.1%	Moderate	IMF
134	Lithuania	39.5%	Moderate	IMF
135	Kyrgyzstan	39.4%	Moderate	IMF
136	Moldova	39.2%	Moderate	IMF
137	Paraguay	38.2%	Moderate	IMF
138	Zimbabwe	38.0%	Moderate	IMF
139	Guinea	36.3%	Moderate	IMF
140	Vanuatu	36.2%	Moderate	IMF
141	Nigeria	36.1%	Moderate	IMF
142	Iran	35.6%	Moderate	IMF
143	Eq. Guinea	35.4%	Moderate	IMF
144	Ireland	34.8%	Moderate	IMF
145	Oman	34.7%	Moderate	IMF
146	Nicaragua	34.6%	Moderate	IMF
147	Sweden	34.5%	Moderate	IMF
148	Georgia	34.3%	Moderate	IMF
149	Botswana	34.0%	Moderate	IMF
150	United Arab Emirates	33.9%	Moderate	IMF
151	Chad	33.3%	Moderate	IMF
152	Saudi Arabia	31.8%	Moderate	IMF
153	Djibouti	31.3%	Moderate	IMF
154	Belarus	31.3%	Moderate	IMF
155	Vietnam	30.5%	Moderate	IMF
156	Comoros	30.5%	Moderate	IMF
157	Andorra	30.3%	Moderate	IMF
158	Peru	30.1%	Moderate	IMF
159	Bulgaria	29.9%	Low	IMF
160	Solomon Islands	29.6%	Low	IMF
161	Guyana	28.9%	Low	IMF
162	Bosnia and Herz.	28.8%	Low	IMF
163	Uzbekistan	28.6%	Low	IMF
164	Denmark	27.4%	Low	IMF
165	Tonga	26.9%	Low	IMF
166	Guatemala	26.7%	Low	IMF
167	Luxembourg	26.5%	Low	IMF
168	Cambodia	25.5%	Low	IMF
169	Kazakhstan	24.3%	Low	IMF
170	Estonia	24.0%	Low	IMF
171	Turkey	23.7%	Low	IMF
172	Taiwan	23.6%	Low	IMF
173	Samoa	21.2%	Low	IMF
174	Dem. Rep. Congo	20.4%	Low	IMF
175	Azerbaijan	20.1%	Low	IMF
176	Tajikistan	18.6%	Low	IMF
177	Puerto Rico	17.6%	Low	IMF
178	Kosovo	17.5%	Low	IMF
179	Russia	16.6%	Low	IMF
180	Kuwait	14.6%	Low	IMF
181	Timor-Leste	13.3%	Low	IMF
182	Haiti	12.3%	Low	IMF
183	Naoero	12.2%	Low	IMF
184	Hong Kong	12.1%	Low	IMF
185	Marshall Islands	8.8%	Low	IMF
186	Micronesia, Fed. States of	8.8%	Low	IMF
187	Kiribati	8.0%	Low	IMF
188	Afghanistan	7.6%	Low	IMF
189	Turkmenistan	3.1%	Low	IMF
190	Tuvalu	2.8%	Low	IMF
191	Brunei	1.6%	Low	IMF
192	Liechtenstein	0.5%	Low	IMF
193	Macao	0.0%	Low	IMF

How the scale reads

Band	What it means	Economies
< 30%	Low	35
30 to 60%	Moderate - 60% is the EU's Maastricht reference	83
60 to 90%	Elevated	45
90 to 120%	High	19
120%+	Very high	11

These are the same bands that shade the map on the Global Markets dashboard, so a country's colour there and its band here always agree.

What this measures

General government gross debt as a share of GDP, for 193 economies, as reported in the IMF's World Economic Outlook. Gross debt counts what a government owes without netting off what it holds, which is why economies with large state pension or sovereign wealth funds look more indebted here than their net position implies. Values are IMF estimates; forward projections are excluded.

Source: IMF World Economic Outlook, general government gross debt. Coverage differs from metric to metric because these providers cover different sets of economies, and a gap is left as a gap rather than filled from a proxy - an absent economy is one we hold no reading for, never a zero. See the data license.

Other metrics by country

Global markets dashboard · Every economy scored · Screen stocks by country