Government debt by country

Every economy Bullrun holds a reading for: 191 in all, ranked highest first. Venezuela is the highest at 308.7% and Macao the lowest at 0.0%; the median is 52.6%. Reference period 2025, the latest year reported broadly enough to compare economies against each other.

Economies covered191
Highest308.7% Venezuela
Lowest0.0% Macao
Median52.6%

Government debt by country, ranked

#	Economy	Debt / GDP	Band	Source
1	Venezuela	308.7%	Very high	IMF
2	Japan	206.5%	Very high	IMF
3	Sudan	187.6%	Very high	IMF
4	Singapore	171.3%	Very high	IMF
5	Bahrain	147.6%	Very high	IMF
6	Greece	145.7%	Very high	IMF
7	Lebanon	139.4%	Very high	IMF
8	Italy	137.1%	Very high	IMF
9	Senegal	130.2%	Very high	IMF
10	Maldives	125.4%	Very high	IMF
11	United States	123.9%	Very high	IMF
12	France	116.0%	High	IMF
13	Canada	113.5%	High	IMF
14	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	113.4%	High	IMF
15	Ukraine	108.7%	High	IMF
16	Belgium	106.3%	High	IMF
17	Suriname	105.8%	High	IMF
18	Bhutan	103.6%	High	IMF
19	Dominica	102.6%	High	IMF
20	Mozambique	102.5%	High	IMF
21	United Kingdom	102.3%	High	IMF
22	Cabo Verde	101.0%	High	IMF
23	Spain	100.4%	High	IMF
24	China	99.2%	High	IMF
25	Congo	96.8%	High	IMF
26	Barbados	94.2%	High	IMF
27	Brazil	93.3%	High	IMF
28	Portugal	89.9%	Elevated	IMF
29	Finland	89.3%	Elevated	IMF
30	El Salvador	87.2%	Elevated	IMF
31	Euro Area	87.1%	Elevated	IMF
32	Egypt	86.8%	Elevated	IMF
33	Mauritius	86.5%	Elevated	IMF
34	Zambia	86.0%	Elevated	IMF
35	Bolivia	84.8%	Elevated	IMF
36	Trinidad and Tobago	84.2%	Elevated	IMF
37	India	84.1%	Elevated	IMF
38	Jordan	82.8%	Elevated	IMF
39	Tunisia	81.3%	Elevated	IMF
40	Laos	80.6%	Elevated	IMF
41	Austria	80.5%	Elevated	IMF
42	Argentina	80.3%	Elevated	IMF
43	Gabon	78.9%	Elevated	IMF
44	Fiji	78.7%	Elevated	IMF
45	South Africa	78.6%	Elevated	IMF
46	Malawi	78.4%	Elevated	IMF
47	Saint Lucia	77.1%	Elevated	IMF
48	Guinea-Bissau	75.3%	Elevated	IMF
49	Hungary	75.2%	Elevated	IMF
50	Gambia	73.9%	Elevated	IMF
51	Bahamas	73.8%	Elevated	IMF
52	Pakistan	72.8%	Elevated	IMF
53	Grenada	71.6%	Elevated	IMF
54	Malaysia	70.7%	Elevated	IMF
55	Namibia	70.2%	Elevated	IMF
56	Antigua and Barbuda	69.7%	Elevated	IMF
57	Kenya	69.3%	Elevated	IMF
58	Israel	68.5%	Elevated	IMF
59	Belize	67.9%	Elevated	IMF
60	Jamaica	67.7%	Elevated	IMF
61	Montenegro	67.1%	Elevated	IMF
62	Morocco	67.1%	Elevated	IMF
63	Slovenia	65.9%	Elevated	IMF
64	Uruguay	65.7%	Elevated	IMF
65	Thailand	64.7%	Elevated	IMF
66	Rwanda	64.6%	Elevated	IMF
67	Aruba	63.6%	Elevated	IMF
68	Togo	63.0%	Elevated	IMF
69	Germany	62.9%	Elevated	IMF
70	Palau	62.3%	Elevated	IMF
71	S. Sudan	62.1%	Elevated	IMF
72	Central African Rep.	61.8%	Elevated	IMF
73	Mexico	61.8%	Elevated	IMF
74	Slovakia	61.6%	Elevated	IMF
75	Romania	60.6%	Elevated	IMF
76	San Marino	60.6%	Elevated	IMF
77	Costa Rica	60.4%	Elevated	IMF
78	Colombia	59.9%	Moderate	IMF
79	Philippines	59.4%	Moderate	IMF
80	Dominican Rep.	59.0%	Moderate	IMF
81	Poland	58.8%	Moderate	IMF
82	Saint Kitts and Nevis	58.4%	Moderate	IMF
83	Benin	57.3%	Moderate	IMF
84	Panama	56.6%	Moderate	IMF
85	Côte d'Ivoire	56.3%	Moderate	IMF
86	Iceland	56.1%	Moderate	IMF
87	Croatia	55.9%	Moderate	IMF
88	São Tomé and Príncipe	55.7%	Moderate	IMF
89	Cyprus	55.3%	Moderate	IMF
90	Liberia	54.9%	Moderate	IMF
91	New Zealand	54.7%	Moderate	IMF
92	Ecuador	54.4%	Moderate	IMF
93	Uganda	54.2%	Moderate	IMF
94	Algeria	54.1%	Moderate	IMF
95	Iraq	53.9%	Moderate	IMF
96	Albania	52.6%	Moderate	IMF
97	North Macedonia	52.5%	Moderate	IMF
98	South Korea	52.3%	Moderate	IMF
99	Papua New Guinea	52.1%	Moderate	IMF
100	Burkina Faso	52.0%	Moderate	IMF
101	Myanmar	51.9%	Moderate	IMF
102	Seychelles	51.5%	Moderate	IMF
103	Angola	51.3%	Moderate	IMF
104	Australia	51.0%	Moderate	IMF
105	Tanzania	49.7%	Moderate	IMF
106	Lesotho	49.1%	Moderate	IMF
107	Armenia	49.0%	Moderate	IMF
108	Ghana	48.8%	Moderate	IMF
109	Madagascar	48.7%	Moderate	IMF
110	Nepal	48.1%	Moderate	IMF
111	Guinea	48.1%	Moderate	IMF
112	Latvia	46.9%	Moderate	IMF
113	Malta	46.8%	Moderate	IMF
114	Niger	45.4%	Moderate	IMF
115	Sierra Leone	45.2%	Moderate	IMF
116	Mongolia	45.1%	Moderate	IMF
117	Norway	45.0%	Moderate	IMF
118	Eswatini	44.9%	Moderate	IMF
119	Czechia	44.6%	Moderate	IMF
120	Zimbabwe	43.8%	Moderate	IMF
121	Netherlands	43.3%	Moderate	IMF
122	Ethiopia	43.1%	Moderate	IMF
123	Serbia	42.4%	Moderate	IMF
124	Bangladesh	42.0%	Moderate	IMF
125	Mali	41.9%	Moderate	IMF
126	Chile	41.8%	Moderate	IMF
127	Qatar	41.4%	Moderate	IMF
128	Burundi	41.2%	Moderate	IMF
129	Honduras	41.2%	Moderate	IMF
130	Indonesia	41.0%	Moderate	IMF
131	Vanuatu	40.9%	Moderate	IMF
132	Eq. Guinea	40.6%	Moderate	IMF
133	Cameroon	40.4%	Moderate	IMF
134	Mauritania	40.1%	Moderate	IMF
135	Lithuania	39.8%	Moderate	IMF
136	Switzerland	39.4%	Moderate	IMF
137	Botswana	38.6%	Moderate	IMF
138	Paraguay	38.1%	Moderate	IMF
139	Iran	37.3%	Moderate	IMF
140	Moldova	36.6%	Moderate	IMF
141	Kyrgyzstan	36.0%	Moderate	IMF
142	Oman	35.8%	Moderate	IMF
143	Nigeria	35.5%	Moderate	IMF
144	Sweden	34.9%	Moderate	IMF
145	Nicaragua	34.8%	Moderate	IMF
146	Georgia	34.3%	Moderate	IMF
147	United Arab Emirates	34.3%	Moderate	IMF
148	Belarus	33.1%	Moderate	IMF
149	Ireland	32.9%	Moderate	IMF
150	Djibouti	32.1%	Moderate	IMF
151	Saudi Arabia	31.7%	Moderate	IMF
152	Chad	30.4%	Moderate	IMF
153	Andorra	30.3%	Moderate	IMF
154	Vietnam	30.3%	Moderate	IMF
155	Peru	30.2%	Moderate	IMF
156	Bosnia and Herz.	29.9%	Low	IMF
157	Comoros	29.5%	Low	IMF
158	Solomon Islands	28.7%	Low	IMF
159	Guyana	28.6%	Low	IMF
160	Uzbekistan	28.6%	Low	IMF
161	Denmark	27.5%	Low	IMF
162	Tonga	27.4%	Low	IMF
163	Guatemala	27.2%	Low	IMF
164	Bulgaria	27.1%	Low	IMF
165	Luxembourg	27.0%	Low	IMF
166	Cambodia	26.5%	Low	IMF
167	Kazakhstan	24.6%	Low	IMF
168	Estonia	24.2%	Low	IMF
169	Turkey	23.5%	Low	IMF
170	Taiwan	22.4%	Low	IMF
171	Tajikistan	21.6%	Low	IMF
172	Samoa	21.2%	Low	IMF
173	Dem. Rep. Congo	20.2%	Low	IMF
174	Azerbaijan	20.1%	Low	IMF
175	Puerto Rico	18.0%	Low	IMF
176	Kosovo	17.5%	Low	IMF
177	Russia	17.2%	Low	IMF
178	Kuwait	14.6%	Low	IMF
179	Nauru	14.6%	Low	IMF
180	Timor-Leste	14.3%	Low	IMF
181	Haiti	12.3%	Low	IMF
182	Hong Kong	11.9%	Low	IMF
183	Marshall Islands	11.8%	Low	IMF
184	Micronesia, Fed. States of	8.9%	Low	IMF
185	Afghanistan	8.0%	Low	IMF
186	Kiribati	8.0%	Low	IMF
187	Turkmenistan	3.8%	Low	IMF
188	Tuvalu	3.6%	Low	IMF
189	Brunei	1.5%	Low	IMF
190	Liechtenstein	0.5%	Low	IMF
191	Macao	0.0%	Low	IMF

How the scale reads

Band	What it means	Economies
< 30%	Low	36
30 to 60%	Moderate - 60% is the EU's Maastricht reference	78
60 to 90%	Elevated	50
90 to 120%	High	16
120%+	Very high	11

These are the same bands that shade the map on the Global Markets dashboard, so a country's colour there and its band here always agree.

What this measures

General government gross debt as a share of GDP, for 191 economies, as reported in the IMF's World Economic Outlook. Gross debt counts what a government owes without netting off what it holds, which is why economies with large state pension or sovereign wealth funds look more indebted here than their net position implies. Values are IMF estimates; forward projections are excluded.

Source: IMF World Economic Outlook, general government gross debt. Coverage differs from metric to metric because these providers cover different sets of economies, and a gap is left as a gap rather than filled from a proxy - an absent economy is one we hold no reading for, never a zero. See the data license.

Other metrics by country

Global markets dashboard · Every economy scored · Screen stocks by country